Have you ever wondered if there’s a link between how we write the tops of letters and what’s going on in our heads?
Well, graphology says there is. The upper zone of your handwriting (those tall parts of letters like l, t, h, etc.) shows how your mind works—how clearly you think, how you reason things out, reflect, and dream about the future.

Having strong mental skills is key to reaching goals, making good decisions, and planning your life in a smart way. That’s why looking at how these qualities show up in your handwriting—especially in those strokes that rise upward—can give us amazing insight into your thinking style, imagination, and how you organise your thoughts.

What the Upper Zone Tells Us

By studying the upper parts of letters, we can get a better idea of how someone thinks, how they structure ideas, whether they think ahead, and whether their thinking is creative, scattered, logical, or a bit blocked.
It’s like a window into your mind—through your handwriting.

So, What Letters Are We Talking About?

The upper zone is the tallest part of your letters. It shows up in letters like b, d, f, h, k, l, t, the dots on your i’s, the bars on your t’s, accents, capital letters, and even question marks.
These strokes start in the middle zone of the handwriting, go up, and then usually come back down.

You’ll also find two key movements in this part of the letter:

• Profiles – the strokes that go up to form the top of the letter.
• Plenos – the strokes that come down and return to the middle of the line.

What Do These Strokes Say About You?

From a psychological angle, those upward strokes (called hampas in graphology) tell us a lot about your mindset—what kind of thoughts fill your head, how creative you are, what dreams or worries you might have.

The profile (upward stroke) can show how far you want to go in life or how much you dream.
The pleno (downward stroke) shows whether you’re able to turn those dreams into real plans and actions—it reflects balance between ideas and reality.

Details like how you dot your i’s, cross your t’s, or write capital letters all add even more layers to this mental profile.

What else Matters?

The Upper Zone as a Window into Your Thoughts

Besides the strokes themselves, graphologists also look at:

• The size of the upper strokes compared to the rest.
• The shape and clarity of the letters.
• How letters connect.
• Writing pressure (how hard you press the pen).
• Stroke thickness.
• Any shakiness, twisting, or messy spots.

These little things can hint at inner stress or mental blocks.

For example, torsions—weird curves or distortions in the letter shapes—can point to physical tension (like health issues) or emotional stuff like insecurity or low self-esteem.

Going Up and Coming Back Down

Every upper stroke is made of two moves: One that goes up (your ambition), and one that comes back down (your grounding).
The upward stroke tells us how much you reach for your ideals and future goals.
The downward stroke shows whether you can actually bring those dreams down to earth and make them happen.

Sometimes, upper zones are so small that letters like l and e start to look the same—this could suggest limited aspirations or self-expression.

Let’s Break It Down:

1. Tall Upper Zones = High Hopes
When those tall strokes are high, it usually means you want to grow, improve, and aim high—whether it’s spiritually, mentally, or personally.
But just dreaming isn’t enough. You need energy to act on those goals.

2. Writing Pressure = Inner Energy
If your writing has strong pressure, it shows strength, persistence, and motivation.
But if your letters are tall and the pressure is weak, it might mean you dream a lot but don’t always have the energy or drive to make it real.

3. Tension = Resilience
Tension in handwriting shows your ability to deal with challenges.
Good tension? You can stay strong when things get tough.
No tension? You might give up easily or feel overwhelmed.

4. When Dreams Don’t Match Reality
Big dreams but low pressure and tension? That could mean:

• You’re idealistic but not very grounded
• You struggle to act on your goals
• You feel frustrated, anxious, or helpless at times

On the flip side, a low upper zone might suggest someone who avoids conflict, struggles to assert themselves, or lets others’ opinions take over.

In a Nutshell:

Looking at the upper zone of your handwriting is like looking into your mental world.
It can reveal how you think, how strong your ideas are, whether you believe in your dreams—and whether you can turn those ideas into action.

We’re so used to them that we barely pay attention anymore. And here lies an interesting fact: when we write numbers automatically, like signing our name, we do so under the influence of our subconscious. This process can reveal deep aspects of our inner self.

How Do You Write Your Numbers?

Have you ever wondered how you write numbers?
A simple way to find out is by writing the number sequence from 0 to 9 and observing it closely. Do you write them in a line or a column?

Additionally, when writing a number, do you accompany it with any gestures? Every detail matters, and numbers, beyond their apparent simplicity, can reveal much more than we might imagine.

The Role of Numbers in Graphological Analysis

The Role of Numbers in Graphological Analysis

While the study of numbers is commonly used in Labor Graphological Analysis (Handwriting Analysis For Business), incorporating the Number Test provides valuable insights. This method offers information about:

• The writer’s general objectivity.
• Practical attitudes.
• Decision-making processes regarding material, economic, and technical values.
• Their ability to face concrete problems in reality.

In Graphological Tests Evaluations, analyzing several spontaneously written texts is essential. A single text, no matter how extensive, is insufficient for assessing the writer’s consistency. This analysis explores key areas such as emotional, psychological, and behavioral stability. Furthermore, it delves into the strength and maturity of the individual’s self-image and identity, which are studied particularly through their signature and flourish (rúbrica).

Materials for Graphological Study

For a comprehensive evaluation of personality traits, it is recommended to analyze two or more free texts written by the same individual. These samples may include:

1. Free texts: The person writes whatever comes to mind at that moment.
2. Texts with specific prompts, such as:
   • The Test of My Hands: Writing or speaking freely about their hands for 20 minutes.
   • Completing phrases like:
     • “I was walking, and suddenly I saw in the sky…”
     • “I…”
   • Answering written questions.

To these prompts, adding the Number Test is highly beneficial.

The Number Test Instructions

The Number Test requires the evaluated individual to complete two tasks:

1. Write several rows of numbers:
   • They choose the numbers freely, without restrictions, simply writing whatever comes to mind at the moment.
2. Perform basic mathematical operations:
   • This involves simple calculations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division.
   • These operations must be neatly organized into columns (aligned properly), and several calculations should be performed based on the individual’s choice.

Graphology The Hidden Influence of Numbers

This test aims to evaluate not only the individual’s basic math skills but also:

• Organizational ability.
• Creativity.
• Decision-making processes.
• Their capacity to handle structured tasks.

Read also: Graphology: How to analyze Numbers

Skills Detected Through Number Analysis

The analysis of numbers can reveal various attributes, including:

• Objectivity.
• Attention to detail and precision.
• Ambition for material success and personal growth.
• Mathematical and calculation abilities.
• Technical and administrative competencies.
• Practical intelligence for solving problems.
• Honesty in handling resources.
• Attitudes marked by pride or humility.
• Material selfishness, such as greed or hoarding.
• Poor judgment in managing finances, including wastefulness.

Formal Analysis of Numbers

The formal analysis considers eight key aspects:

1. Order
2. Size
3. Pressure
4. Direction
5. Form/Shape
6. Inclination/Slant
7. Speed
8. Continuity

Order

The way individuals organize and distribute columns and rows of numbers reveals their mental accuracy and values.

• Clear and well-organized numbers:
  • Indicate self-control, clarity, and objectivity in judgment.
  • Reflect importance placed on financial matters and personal ethics regarding material assets.
• Disorganized numbers:
  • Crooked lines, irregular spacing, and poorly formed digits suggest unclear value judgments and imbalance in financial decisions.
  • May hint at dishonesty or moral deviations in handling money.

Size

• Large numbers:
  • Indicate grandiose dreams or speculative tendencies.
  • Excessively large numbers may reflect impracticality or wastefulness.
• Small numbers:
  • Suggest inferiority complexes, isolation, or excessive frugality, even when intelligence and capability are present.

Pressure

The pressure applied reflects:

• Strength or weakness of character.
• The depth of emotions regarding financial matters.

Speed

• Fast writing: Shows quick thinking and action but can indicate impatience or disorganization when illegible.
• Slow writing: May reveal hesitation or laziness.

Direction

• Horizontal alignment: Indicates clarity of thought and sound judgment.
• Ascending lines: Reflect enthusiasm and initiative.
• Descending lines: Suggest fatigue, depression, or poor financial outcomes.

Inclination/Slant

• Vertical numbers: Show self-control and reflection.
• Rightward slant: Indicates passion and a desire for approval.
• Leftward slant: Reflects repression, dishonesty, or timidity.

Continuity

• Connected numbers: Suggest mental fatigue or obsessive tendencies.
• Simplified numbers: Indicate aesthetic sensibility and synthesis ability.

Form/ Shape

• Calligraphic numbers: Show adaptability.
• Complicated numbers: Suggest dissatisfaction or lack of spontaneity.

Summary: Numbers and Handwriting Analysis

The study of numbers offers a unique window into the subconscious mind, revealing valuable insights about personality, decision-making, and attitudes toward material values. By analyzing how numbers are written, we can uncover patterns of thought, emotional tendencies, and practical skills. This simple yet powerful tool enhances the depth of graphological analysis, making it an essential resource for understanding human behavior and character.

Hello friends! The evolution of writing surfaces reflects humanity’s ingenuity in recording knowledge and preserving memories over the centuries. Writing has not only allowed for the documentation of laws and rituals, but has also fostered the spread of culture, science, and literature. In this article, we will explore the various materials and techniques used throughout history, highlighting the importance of both traditional and modern writing surfaces in the transmission of human knowledge.

Hiastory of Writing: Materials, and Techniques

The materials used for writing have been just as important as writing itself. Without the proper tools and surfaces, the development of written language would not have been possible. Throughout history, various techniques and surfaces have been employed to record information.
Today, paper is the universal writing medium, but the journey to its invention was long and complex. In the past, materials of animal, plant, and inorganic origin, such as stones and metals, were essential for this purpose.

General Classification of Writing Surfaces

Writing surfaces are generally divided into two main categories: inscribed and written. Each category employs different materials and techniques.

• Inscribed Surfaces: Writing is carved or engraved into hard surfaces like stone, metal, wood, or bone. These materials provide greater durability but are harder to manipulate.
• Written Surfaces: Pigments or inks are applied to these surfaces using brushes, quills, or other instruments. These surfaces are lighter and easier to transport but less resistant to the effects of time.

Inscribed Surfaces: Recording on Hard Materials

Stone and Metals

Due to their durability, stone was the preferred medium for inscriptions on monuments, tombs, and public decrees in ancient Greece and Rome.

Stone as a Writing Surface
Since prehistoric times, stones have been used to engrave symbols and artistic representations. In more advanced civilizations, such as the Egyptian, Greek, and Roman, stone played a key role. It was used for permanent inscriptions, including:

• Funerary epitaphs
• Public decrees and laws
• Military triumphs engraved on marble or granite

Marble was favored for its ease of polishing and the clarity of the inscriptions, while granite, being harder to carve, was reserved for monuments intended to last millennia.

Metals as a Writing Surface
Although metals were more expensive and difficult to engrave, they were used for important documents.

• Bronze: Employed for military diplomas and legal decrees.
• Copper: Inscribed copper plates were found in India.
• Gold and Silver: In Mesoamerican cultures, such as the Aztec, ceremonial engravings were made on precious metals.

Clay and Ceramics

Cuneiform writing, which dates back to 3200 BCE, is considered the oldest recorded form of writing. Developed in Mesopotamia, it involved engraving damp clay tablets using beveled reeds. Once carved, the tablets were baked in kilns to harden, creating rudimentary archives stored in niches. However, these tablets were heavy and difficult to transport.

Wood and Wax

In antiquity, wooden tablets coated with wax or stucco were widely used, especially in Greece and Rome. These tablets allowed for easy writing and erasing with a stylus, a tool with a pointed end for writing and a blunt end for smoothing the wax.

• Codices: The combination of several tablets bound with rings (as diptychs, triptychs, or polyptychs) formed the first codices, the precursors to modern books.
• Runes: In Germanic cultures, runic inscriptions were carved on wooden chests and staffs.
• Chinese Seals: In China, wood was also used to carve symbols and create stamps.

Written Surfaces: Flexible Materials

Papyrus: The First Major Writing Medium

Papyrus, primarily used in Egypt, was lightweight and easy to transport, facilitating its widespread use for administrative and literary writing. It was made from the cyperus papyrus plant, which grew along the Nile River. Thin strips from the plant’s stem were woven together, flattened with an ivory hammer, and left to dry in the sun. Although papyrus enabled the trade of manuscripts, its preservation was challenging. To protect it from moisture and insects, it had to be treated with oils.

The bright, flexible papyrus was rolled into scrolls for easier transport, and these were exported to Greece and Rome, promoting the spread of knowledge and the establishment of libraries. However, over time, papyrus was replaced by parchment.

Parchment: The Material of Great Libraries

Parchment, named after the city of Pergamum (in modern Turkey), was made from animal skins (calves, goats, or sheep) and became the primary writing surface after the decline of papyrus. Its durability made it ideal for important documents and sacred texts.

• The Library of Pergamum: In Pergamum, the parchment-making process was perfected through cleaning, tanning, and stretching, resulting in a smooth, durable surface for writing.
• Medieval Manuscripts: During the Middle Ages, monks copied ancient texts onto parchment, preserving classical knowledge.

Writing Surfaces in Ancient Cultures

Bones and Shells: Pre-Columbian America

The Aztecs and Mayans recorded historical events on turtle bones, whale bones, and other animal remains. In these cultures, writing had a spiritual and symbolic element, and the choice of material often held ritual significance.

Bamboo and Silk: Innovation in China

Before paper became widespread, the Chinese used bamboo tablets for writing. They also employed silk for ceremonial inscriptions and important documents due to its flexibility and elegance.

The Evolution of Paper: From China to Europe

Paper, invented in China around the 2nd century BCE, revolutionized information recording. The earliest paper was made from a mixture of rice fibers, hemp, and silk remnants, which were soaked in water to create a cellulose pulp. This pulp was then pressed into thin sheets and coated with natural adhesives. Later, linen rags were used to produce higher-quality paper.

• Arab Diffusion: Arabs learned the art of papermaking in the 8th century and introduced it to Europe, where it quickly spread.
• Cultural Impact: The availability of paper led to the development of printing presses in the 15th century, enabling the mass dissemination of knowledge and marking the beginning of the modern era.

Modern and Contemporary Writing Surfaces

Paper in the Digital Age

Despite the rise of digital technologies, paper remains an essential medium for many purposes, from legal documents to literary works. Today, specialized papers are manufactured for various needs, such as recycled paper, photographic paper, and waterproof paper.

Electronic Surfaces: The Future of Writing

Digital devices like tablets, screens, and hard drives have largely replaced traditional writing materials. However, these modern surfaces do not diminish the importance of their predecessors. Printed documents remain necessary in many contexts, and handwriting is still valued for its cognitive benefits.

Writing by hand activates greater brain connectivity than typing on a keyboard. The perceptual, motor, and higher cognitive areas are more engaged during manual writing, enhancing learning and information retention.

Conclusion: The Ongoing Evolution of Writing Surfaces

From carved stones to modern paper, the surfaces used for writing have evolved alongside humanity. Each material has served a specific role in its historical context, facilitating the transmission of knowledge and preserving collective memory. Writing has transformed from a tool for recording transactions and laws into an art form, a science, and a medium for literature.

Today, while paper and digital devices dominate the scene, the history of writing surfaces reflects human creativity and adaptability in finding new ways to express ideas. Each surface, from sculpted stones to printed pages, has left an indelible mark on how we document and share knowledge.

I hope you’ve enjoyed this article on History of Writing Materials and found the information valuable. Explore more topics and insights on our website!

Although graphological analysis helps in understanding the writer’s personality, it’s not always essential to do it comprehensively. It depends on the evaluation’s objective. When analyzing a handwritten text, studying every aspect isn’t necessary; we can focus on specific criteria. In graphology, what serves us the analysis of the dots of the “i” and the bars of the “t”? This article explores the relationship between the writer’s attention and willpower, and written expression: Handwriting analysis: Letter “i” and Letter “t”

Understanding the Significance of Attention in Cognitive Functioning

Attention is a cognitive process that allows us to focus on certain stimuli or information. It involves the ability to concentrate on something specific while ignoring distractions. In summary, attention serves us to guide, select, maintain, and process important information correctly.

Attention is crucial in numerous daily activities, from simple tasks like reading a book to more complex activities like solving mathematical problems or engaging in conversation. It is considered a fundamental component in cognitive functioning and plays a significant role in perception, memory, learning, and decision-making.

Attention, concentration, and memory are interconnected in our thinking. When we focus on something, a situation, a sound, or an image, we can maintain our attention thanks to our ability to concentrate. This depends on several aspects:

• Our level of interest in the topic or situation.
• Our willingness to stay focused.

Understanding the Dynamic Nature of Attention: Factors Influencing its Activation and Intensity

Our ability to pay attention can change for various reasons, including our personality and emotional state. Factors such as our mood, whether we feel sad or excited, if we’re tired or stressed, or if we have mental health issues like addictions, can affect our attention. Our attention is activated when we become interested in something, whether it’s because we want to learn more about it, impress others, or fulfill our responsibilities. This attention is intensified by our curiosity, which is essential for learning new things. Attention is crucial for remembering things, as we need to focus on a topic for a while to retain it in our memory. That’s why it’s an essential element of our thinking. To pay attention means, at the same time, to perceive and understand. To understand something, we need to recall other knowledge, relate it, compare it, and evaluate it. Attention always goes hand in hand with willpower, especially when we need to focus on something. When we pay attention:

• We focus on something specific.
• We choose what’s important at that moment.
• We maintain that focus for as long as necessary.
• We also resist distractions and can shift our focus if necessary.

Unlocking the Power of Attention and Willpower: Insights from Graphology

Attention and willpower are closely related. Attention involves directing our thoughts and energy towards something specific, while willpower helps us maintain that attention persistently. In other words, willpower is crucial for sustaining our attention on a particular topic, especially when facing distractions or the temptation to shift our focus. The ability to resist these distractions and stay focused on what we consider important is a manifestation of our willpower in action. Therefore, attention and willpower work together to help us concentrate on what we want to perceive and understand.

According to M. Xandró in his work “Superior Graphology,” the primary indicator of attention and precision is the smallest sign: the dot. The placement of dots reveals both precision and carelessness. Additionally, indicators of attention and precision include well-positioned punctuation marks, correctly drawn and clearly distinguishable letters, and a certain regularity in writing style. Carelessness and forgetfulness, such as the absence of a i-dots or in the t- bars, as well as the involuntary omission or repetition of letters and words, indicate a lack of precision and attention. According to A. Vels in the “Dictionary of Graphology,” “In general, putting a dot accurately and precisely is to specify and be exact in judgments, observations, and obligations.”

Understanding the Psychological Insights Revealed by the Letter “i”

The letter “i” doesn’t usually reflect all emotions, even though it’s located in the middle zone of handwriting. However, it gives us an idea about the creativity of the writer, their intellectual acuity, cultural level, and desire to progress. It also shows a connection with reality and practicality, indicating how the person adapts to different situations.

The vertical stroke of the “i” represents the basis of activity and argument, while the dot expresses thought.
The dot of the “i” reveals the writer’s different emotional states: anguish, inhibition, shyness, obsession, depression, fears, childhood conflicts, anxiety, etc. It also shows attitudes towards life, such as idealism, materialism, positivism, and religious beliefs, as well as intellectual characteristics such as mental agility, precision, attention to detail, sense of duty, thoroughness, and scientific spirit, or behavioral alterations such as negligence, laziness, frequent forgetfulness, apathy, disorder, and distraction.

Unveiling the Power Within: Understanding Will and Volitional Energy through Graphology

Will. Volitional Energy: Concept

Willpower is the intention or resolution that drives us to do things. Analyzing the lowercase letter “t” provides a wide range of possibilities for understanding the writer’s will, as well as information about their behavior and their struggle to achieve their goals and maintain their opinions firmly. This letter summarizes the relationship between ideals, action, and consequences, allowing us to determine if the planned objectives are achieved. It also provides clues about the temperament and character of the individual, their internal conflicts, and the barriers they face in fully developing their personality. Additionally, it reveals the level of decision-making, independence of thought, life outlook (realistic or idealistic), level of intelligence (logical or intuitive), ability to relate, firmness in ideas, and impulsivity in actions.

According to A. Vels in the Dictionary of Graphology: “Having willpower is having energy and sufficient self-control to move from a clear and objective idea to the achievement of the goal pursued.” The letter “t” is known as the letter of willpower. It travels in two opposite directions:

• From top to bottom when drawing the stem: personal affirmation, degree of inner energy.

• From left to right to draw the bar: reflects the expansive power of will in action.

According to M. Xandró, “volitional flow is not only reflected in the letter “t,” but the driving force toward personal achievements is observed in all horizontal movements, such as in “r,” the tilde of “ñ,” “b,” “v,” and “s.“

Exploring the Emotional Language of “i” and “t” in Graphology

The comparison between what both lowercase letters, “i” and “t,” reflect lies in the fact that both provide information about the emotions, attitudes, and characteristics of the individual writing them. Both the stroke of the “i” and the “t” offer clues about creativity, adaptability, level of emotionality, decision-making, firmness of beliefs, and other aspects that reveal a lot about the writer. Additionally, both letters allow for interpreting the relationship between the individual’s ideals and actions, as well as their efforts to achieve their goals and their level of personal fulfillment.

Materials needed to analyze numbers:

• On a blank sheet of paper without lines, write numbers and simple mathematical operations in columns (additions and subtractions).

• A written piece of text and signature.

What do the Numbers represent in Graphology? What are they used for?

The numbers represent the relationship with the concrete world: The material, the financial and the economic.

Number Analysis is used in:

• Selection process for hiring employees: to detect a good mediator, persuasiveness, diplomatic skills, material and practical interests.

• Vocational orientation: to detect financial and commercial aptitudes in students.

• To detect the balance between spiritual and material values.

Handwriting Analysis Numbers: Layout/Order

– Clear and orderly distribution indicates a subject with internal order, clarity in concepts, self-control, capacity for reflection and objectivity in value judgments. The person is ethical, handles financial matters with precision. Clear and well-ordered numbers indicate that they will follow the guidelines, the straight path. They reject confusing, complex and anachronistic operations. It is based on the obvious, on what can be demonstrable and verifiable.

– Confused distribution is seen as badly formed numbers, sinuous horizontal lines, irregular distance between numbers, columns that deviate from the vertical axis. This indicates lack of good judgment in money matters, or a disorderly handling of money. A lack of mental order can lead to hiding or lying for personal gain. They disguise things, misrepresent the truth out of vanity, show selfishness, illicit material interests or perversity.

Graphology of Numbers: Dimension/Size

• Very large numbers

Indicate the illusion or fantasy of getting a lot of money, dreaming of becoming a millionaire. Tendencies to look for money in games of chance. Tendency to hysterical imagination with money, very little control, reckless spending. Little practical sense and tendency to waste (not only money, but also time). It’s important to consider the context as there may be concerns about financial issues.

• Very large numbers with confusing distribution

The subject lacks skills and competencies for accounting tasks. Ineffective resource management. They consume more than they produce, becoming a “burden” for companies.

• Small numbers

The person feels that they do not have the skills to generate or manage money. They have feelings of inferiority about their economic situation (beyond the “real” ability to create wealth). This expresses an emotional state more than a competency. Greedy people who are very detailed in economic matters tend to execute small and clear numbers and concentrate rows and columns.

• Numbers taller than they are wide (raised)

Look mainly at the numbers 2, 3, 5, 7 and 9. Tall numbers reflect proud people who will give importance to their money and their possessions. An illusion of superiority granted by money.

• Numbers wider than they are tall: Attachment to material values in search of economic security.

Meanings of Pen Pressure in Numbers

Strength or weakness of character in handling money. Impact of the economic in the emotional world.

• Numbers with a firm stroke: They reflect energy, a self-confident, authentic person.

• Weak trait (soft or lazy): Weakness of character, humble person who does not feel capable of overcoming economic difficulties, who lacks determination and inner courage to go out and face economic difficulties.

Handwriting Analysis: Speed in Numbers

• Quick strokes express liveliness in thought and action. They are easy to understand, improvise and perform economic and financial analysis.

• Confusing numbers are so fast that they can’t be understood. This indicates impatience to achieve a specific objective, imprecision in details, disorder in behavior and in the means to achieve objectives, Lack of serenity, method and reflection.

• Slow and regular numbers show reflection, order, self-control. The person calculates their actions. They are methodical, serene, taking their time before making a decision (passivity). They want to evaluate the options under different aspects.

• Slow and weak strokes indicate laziness, with a certain tendency to indolence and hesitancy in relation to money.

Read Also: Graphology: Letter “r”

Slope of Number Baseline

• Numbers in regular lines that respect the horizontality: Good connection with numbers (engineers, architects, accountants). This indicates intellectual speed, for abstract values, clarity in judgments.

• Wavy or winding lines of numbers: Hesitation, fickleness, lack of control and emotional stability.

Margins in Numbers

• Displaced towards the left margin: They reveal an attitude of withdrawal, prudence, reserve that is associated with their economy. It is reinforced when the numbers are small, a sign of distrust, reflection and introversion.

• Displaced towards the right margin: They show the confidence index, spending trends, dispersion, lack of reflection. This is accentuated when there is a lack of order and the numbers are large.

Slant: Tilt of Numbers

• Vertical numbers reflect self-control, reflection on spending, predominance of the objective reason that examines, dominance over the imagination that complicates.

• Right slant in numbers indicate the predominance of affectivity over reason and reflection.

• Left slant tendency in numbers. According to Max Pulver, they show reserve, containment, dissimulation, falsehood, forced attitudes.

Meaning of number spacing in handwriting analysis

Space between numbers: Cohesion

Chained numbers can indicate tiredness, neuropsychic deficiency, or an attitude of “lesser efforts”.

Shape

• Calligraphic numbers indicate a good adaptation for bureaucratic and administrative issues.

• Intricate numbers are associated with discontented people who live in trifles and suffer from a lack of spontaneity.

When limited to drawing only the “skeleton” of the number, the lack of decorations may indicate that the subject has the ability to address only relevant issues. It may also reflect an inability to address commercially important side issues.

Handwriting Analysis: Number 1

1. With a simple line: Vertical, firm and clear design means rectitude and strength in the economic field (sometimes reaching the intransigence) capacity for synthesis, which leaves details aside.

2. Smooth or curved stroke: Lack of will, which adapts without resistance, depending on the graphic environment it can be moral weakness or weakness of character.

3. Long and angular starting stroke: It reflects a combative, dissatisfied, negative critical attitude towards everything that is proposed to it. They are those people who “say no before listening”.

4. Starting curved stroke: They need to be inspired by memories, past experiences, traditions and family customs. They can be little active.

5. With a superior arc: Predominance of imagination, little combative spirit in the face of difficulties. It requires them little effort to achieve what they aspire to through a seductive and kind attitude.

6. Straight horizontal base: It is a typical characteristic in obsessive and scrupulous people who need the recognition of others. They respect social norms.

Handwriting Analysis: Number 2

1. Superior spiral: We know that spirals indicate selfish thinking, need to please, possessiveness.

2. Spiral that begins with a point: Slowness of decision, hesitation in the economic, search for a foothold.

3. Congested and ink-filled initial zone: Stress, physical exhaustion.

4. Simplified starting and ending (initial and final) strokes with a simple arch: It indicates that economic issues are not a problem. It may be because the subject is oriented more towards moral or aesthetic values than towards the material value of things.

5. Final stroke with regressive loop: Need for ostentation, vanity, selfishness, tendency to hoard.

6. Final stroke in mace: They impose their wishes on others in a rough way in matters of money.

7. Final stroke with an ascending point: If it is diagonal, it indicates a combative spirit in monetary matters. With quick strokes: Economic ambitions, action and initiative.

8. Concave final stroke: Soft character, they can feel overwhelmed by the vice of gambling or by aspirations of wealth. Lack of will to realize their own dreams.

9. Final stroke in a descending arc: Materialistic tendencies. If the final feature is in masse, it means that it is violently imposed on others. With a Sharp point in the final stroke: Aggression for material reasons.

Handwriting Analysis: Number 3

1. High initial zone: Excessive self-assessment, if the pressure is weak, imbalance between merits and arrogant attitude.

2. Upper zone smaller than the lower zone, lower zone with exaggerated width: Desires to possess material goods. Tendency to day-dream.

3. Final spiral: Tendency to keep the money or material goods of others, selfishness.

4. Final stroke in descending loop: Needs for money related to sexual enjoyment.

5. Long final regressive stroke: Detachment and giving up money. They long for the past and childhood.

Handwriting Analysis: Number 4

In number 4 angles are analyzed in detail. The interpretation changes depending on how the angles are drawn.

1. Right and firm angles or triangle: Indicates a closed and firm attitude in economic matters.

2. With smooth angles: They separate themselves easily from money. If the angles are loose (which look like an “s”) they are more carefree, detached when it comes to money.

Graphology: Number 5

1a. Drawn correctly: Reflection, order, punctuality, truthfulness in terms of money

1b. Calligraphic: They are conventional, interested and economically materialistic

2. Zig-zag or “s” shape: Agility and sharpness for business. If it is confusing and difficult to read, it means a tendency to sow doubt, lack of clarity.

3. With initial spiral stroke: Interpretation similar to that of numbers 2 and 3 that have an initial spiral stroke: Falsehood, selfish attitude. If it ends with a sharp point in the final stroke: Aggressive irritability, envy and distrust in money matters are added to it.

Graphology: Number 6

1. Final line that descends and crosses the base: Jealousy.

2. It begins in a spiral and ends in a loop: It indicates materialized egoism, distrust.

3. It starts in a loop and ends in a loop: Selfishness with little communicative character.

4. Open in the upper and final area: It means generosity and spontaneity in money matters.

Graphology: Number 7

1. Garland shape in the horizontal stroke: diplomatic spirit and skill in matters of money (especially if the angle is replaced by a loop).

2. Initial and horizontal stroke in arc: Tendency to please, the softer it is means vanity and ostentation.

3. Straight and angular lines: Severe and intransigent character (cross-check with the rest of the numbers).

Graphology: Number 8

The double loop reflects a balance between ideals and instinct.

1. Predominance of the upper loop: Spiritual, intellectual, abstract and theoretical tendencies dominate over the material.

2. Layout in a clockwise direction: Executed with regressive movement (Figure 2b). In case of being traced in an anticlockwise direction: Progressive movement. (Figure 3).

Graphology: Number 9

1. With open oval: Confident subject, not very discreet, naive, manifests frankness, open about how they get their money.

2. With closed oval: Discretion, reserved in their expenses and income.

3. With double ring: They need to hide their interest in money, dissimulation.

4. With fragmented oval (the oval is separated from the stroke): It has several meanings that must be confirmed with the environment. It can indicate a lack of continuity of ideas, duality or split between their actions and their way of thinking. When the oval is closed: Individual who reserves a part of their thoughts or interests, independent behavior.

5. With sharp vertical stroke: Indicates irritability, instability, susceptibility. If it is curved to the left: Weakness of character. If the termination is in the form of a club: It means that it reacts violently.

Graphology: Number 0

1. Open: Naive person, who is influenced, frank and expansive.

2. Closed: They impose reserve, distrust and discretion.

3. Filled by double ring: Person who controls their reactions.

4. The oval that opens or closes below: When drawn clockwise, it indicates a lack of sincerity or hypocrisy. (It must be confirmed with other signs).

Understanding what rhythm is, the movement of the letters, the defense mechanisms that the Ego implements, are also things to consider. Defense mechanisms are behaviors that people use to separate themselves from unpleasant events, actions, or thoughts. The idea of defense mechanisms comes from psychoanalytic theory, a psychological perspective of personality that sees personality as the interaction between three components: Id, Ego, and Super-ego.

Meaning of the letter r lowercase

Analyzing the letter r we will be able to determine:

– The subject’s ability to properly channel energy.

– Constancy in what has been undertaken.

– Initiative and tenacity to carry out what has been planned.

The study of the letter r complements the analysis of the letter “i”. The letter r reflects the “self-love” of the writer and the degree of satisfaction with the result achieved.

Meaning of the Letter “r” in Graphology

The letter “r” is located in the middle zone, which is the zone of affection. It conveys the degree of susceptibility of that person.

Graphology is applied in human resources. Nowadays, it is an accepted and increasingly used technique for assessment of people in organizations. For those professions that require a well-accomplished job with good manual dexterity and professional awareness, graphologists look for a neatly and carefully executed letter “r.”

What does your letter r say about your personality?

The r provides informatin about the ability to achieve the proposed objectives of the subject. If they are satisfied with the task performed, or if they are not satisfied with their performance. The way of executing the “r” reveals technical and manual skills. The letter r also gives an idea of ​​intimate tastes.

Contradictions in Graphology?

So, what do contradictions mean? For example, when a person is very orderly and neat, but executes a careless letter r. 

Or, a more “accelerated” person, in a hurry, accurately and carefully performing the letter r.

The inconsistency between attitude and writing reveals differences in the professional field and the family life. Someone who can keep their workplace extremely neat and tidy, while their closet at home is messy.

In the study of these special letters, we are learning the need to integrate all the concepts learned.

People should not be classified by the way they execute one single stroke.

Analyzing the tension or firmness of the strokes, we will search for it in the “t” bars, in the mount of the “r” (which is not loose), and in the letter “m”. The strokes are expected to maintain a certain stability throughout the writing, without exaggerated variations.

In this article we are going to study the shape, size and pressure of the lowercase letter “r”.

Shape: Letter “r” in Graphology

The shape of the letter r indicates the way in which the subject performs the activities. Let’s study several types of r:

1. Letter r with two well-marked angles

 The calligraphic letter r has two angles; it is a “square”. The first angle, on the left, corresponds to the perseverance and constancy that is destined to what is done. The second angle, on the right, means initiative, decision and drive.

The double angle expresses excellent channeling of energy, performance and balance between initiative and perseverance. Great flow of energy, dynamism, willpower and self-love. It is associated with the bilious-lymphatic temperament. You can be irritable, stubborn and inflexible in the face of mistakes.

2. Letter r in which the first angle is accentuated

 The left angle of persistence is a guarantee of constancy. For the subject, perseverance is a goal and they consider it important, they are traditionalist and persevere professionally and in their affections. conservative character. This is confirmed if there is regularity of the strokes throughout the writing. When the first angle is higher: It symbolizes a tendency to controversy, aggressiveness and discussions.

3. Letter r in which the second angle is accentuated

This indicates that the person strives to reform their way of thinking, has initiative and decision. Come to realization. In this case the initiative is their goal. Prioritize work. When this second angle is higher, it is interpreted as curiosity, stubbornness, obstinacy.

4. Letter r with two acute angles

When both angles are sharp it symbolizes that the energy is aggressive. It is not channeled well. It is wasted in discharges of irritability and explosions of bad mood. When combined with steely endings and aggressive traits it means that actions are discharged with a temper.

5. When it has a double angle without a final stroke: It means good will, a disciplined, independent personality that is committed to the present. They are not interested in the past. Good level of self-improvement.

Graphology: Meaning of Letter “r” as an angle /triangle

1. As a triangle or similar to an “i” (without a dot)

Irregular channeling of energy, good reflexes, active person, nervous, with mental agility, impatience, liveliness, activity, speed. They get excited and take action, then get discouraged and give up on the task. Then resume. According to Mauricio Xandró, “it is typical of people who work in leaps and bounds, not with continuous energy”. They are inconstant, sociable, but they get distressed.

2. Letter r as a curved mount without a loop

The letter r loses the angles and is “softened”. Adaptability. Although that subject may not be gifted for the task, they adapt and perform it. From the negative point of view: Loses perseverance, perseverance and initiative. It means that little effort is put into it. They look for the “comfortable” side, laziness, apathy and reluctance emerge.

3. Letter r with double loop

The places where the angles would correspond are replaced by loops. It is interpreted as calm people, suitable for human relations and for sales. They are characterized by being noble people, with good feelings, delicate, trusting and gullible, who manage to “accommodate” to avoid too much effort. Prejudiced, of hidden vanity.

When the second loop is raised: Obstinacy, trying to demonstrate something that is not, that the mandates of their own education have a significant impact on their way of acting. The presence of a single loop on the left: Indicates that they hierarchize the intimate, their relatives and themselves. When it is a loop, it is only to the right: The efforts and projects are directed to the social environment, to the future, to others.

4. Letter r as a letter “v”

When the letter r resembles a typographic “v”, it is agile, it simplifies the stroke, it is considered a positive sign. The channeling of energy is dynamic, seeking maximum performance with minimum effort. It is a sign of enthusiasm, mental agility, artistic and aesthetic sense, elegance. They isolate themselves from the rest, even lonely and individualistic.

If the letter “r” seems a gripper or clamp and has a loop at the base: It means self-confidence, agility of ideas, benevolent personality.

In the form of a whip: Without losing good manners, they have dominance over others. Thinking agility.

Letter “r” without final stroke: Person who lies, hides, is proud. hidden vanity. Woman who “flirts” or in the man, attitude of a “Casanova”. Immaturity.

Size of the letter “r” in Graphology

The Dimension or size of the letter r indicates the degree of security and affectivity in carrying out tasks.

• Small: Conveys inhibition, feeling of weakness or handicap.

• Great: Good professional training, self-esteem in carrying out tasks. When it appears in messy graphics, it is interpreted as making an effort to carefully carry out the task.

• Compressed: Inhibition. Faint in carrying out tasks. Greed, as long as it is confirmed with other signs.

• Elongated: Ease, comfort. Safety in carrying out tasks. You brag, in your professional or work role.

What does pressure in graphlology mean?

Pressure: Letter “r”

The pressure indicates the energy of the scribe to overcome obstacles and execute works.

• Increased pressure: It is considered a demanding person. With concern for performing tasks with detail and precision. When the pressure increases in the final stroke: They have accentuated energy to overcome obstacles and execute works. They can get obsessed.

• Weak pressure: It is interpreted as low vitality to carry out their activity.

• Letter “r” crooked: They performs their task with painful effort.

Read also: The meaning of Dotting your i’s with circles

If we are not born with self-esteem, it must be built through experience from an early age. Self-esteem is defined as the way of appreciating oneself, the importance and the confidence that we give ourselves. The fact of feeling satisfied with ourselves or with a result obtained.

Does the size of your handwriting reveal your self-esteem?

There are people who have a high “self-esteem” and people have a pretty low one. Excessive self-esteem may involve risk-taking because these individuals may feel invincible. Low self-esteem provokes difficulties in social and affective interactions due to a lack of trust or confidence.

Graphology and the Size of Handwriting

The study of handwriting is called graphology. It’s a technique that reveals the personality traits of the writer. The term “dimension” is used to describe graphical aspect that analyze the size of writing. We shall dedicate this article to the meaning of the size of writing.

Size of Letters: Psychological Meaning

Through the detailed study of the size or dimension of letters, we determine the self-esteem of the individual, the way they face life and the energy dedicated to the projects they start.

Size reflects the degree of introversion and extroversion. Whether the individual is inhibited or succumbed upon impulses, whether they express desires and needs freely or draw back their tendencies.

The dimension of the letters includes measures of height and width of both capital and lowercase letters. Also, through the study of dimension we can analyze the existing relationship between capital letters and lowercase, the length of upper extensions and lower extensions, and the proportion of all the strokes. The inferiority complex, for example, is discovered when compensating in the size of Capital Letters.

So, what does the size of letters mean?

Generally, those who use graphology for personnel selection take advantage of the writing size to find out types of intelligence. Whether an individual has skills for synthesis or analysis, whether they tend to generalize or pay attention to detail, among others.

When written letters are too big we are before an individual that has problems with concentrating in details and who overvalues their abilities.

Small writing indicates great skills for details, but lack of panoramic vision for situations. The size of the letters also contributes information in the emotional balance of the individual.

How are the letters measured?

It is important to measure all the elements of a piece of writing: Capital letters, middle area, upper extensions and lower extensions.

• Middle area (ovals): There are two ways of measuring dimension in writing. We can measure one at a time in millimeters, following the inclination of each letter, or the other way is to draw two lines. An inferior one, where most of the letters rest, and a superior one. Upon measuring the distance between the two lines, this will provide an approximate measure of the size of writing. This latter method is less precise, but faster.
• Upper extensions: Upper extensions are the superior parts of letters b, d, f, h, j, l, ll, and t. They are measured the same way as ovals, according to the inclination of the letter, following the central edge.
• Lower extensions: They are the inferior parts of the letters that go from the middle area towards the bottom in letters f, g, j, p, q, y, z, they are measured following the same instructions than the previous ones.
• Capital letters: Capital letters are fully measured, from the upper stroke to the lowest one.
• Measuring width: We consider the ovals in the letters that have them (in the case of letter “m” we consider two ovals).

How many letters should we measure?

According to the extension of the obtained sample and the degree of precision of the report to be delivered we shall measure between 10 and 30 letters, procuring that the selection is as random as possible.
In a balanced and healthy personality, it is expected that the writing has a moderate height and extension, according to the following measures:

• Height of the body of lowercase letters (we consider a, e, i, o) is between 2.5 and 3.5 millimeters.
• Upper extensions and lower extensions: Between 9 and 11 millimeters.
• Width: We consider 80% of the height of a given writing.
• Capital letters: Height between 9 and 11 millimeters and a width of 80%.

What does a very large handwriting mean?

Very large writing

When letters are over 4.5 millimeters, we are before a very large writing. This kind of person over-values themselves, may compensate inferiority complexes by showing the opposite. We find tendencies of vanity, pride and excessive self-esteem that may become megalomania. This is an individual with a great global vision, expansive, who has difficulties interiorizing experiences and concentrating in specific details.

Read also: Dotting your “i’s” meaning

What does a large handwriting mean?

When the middle area of the writing is over 3 millimeters, we say it is large. This points to personalities with great skills for communication, extroversion, physical dynamism, vitality sociability and generosity.

They are expressive individuals who look forward to connecting with others, optimistic, and they are not characterized for being too reflexive (first they act, then they think), self-confident, who trust their own value. We find an ability for commanding and they are suitable for management positions. They have excellent panoramic vision of situations and an elevated self-concept.

On the negative side, large writing means that we are before an arrogant person, conceited, haughty, who needs to exhibit compliments and recognitions, tyrant tendencies, exhibitionist and phony personality that may become megalomaniac with lack of a critical sense.

The insecurity and inferiority complex and lack of self-esteem may be compensated with a large writing. When the signature is larger than the text, this reflects pride, consciousness of self-value and on the negative side it shows the individual has more ambitions than real possibilities.

What does a medium handwriting mean?

Handwriting is intermediate or medium when it is between 2.5 and 3.5 millimeters in size. It adjusts to the mold. Those who write in this size are individuals with a great emotional balance, who see themselves the way they are.

Their self-concept is intermediate, are able to perceive details and also “the big picture”. They are spontaneous, sociable, of intermediate aspirations, balanced in intro and extroversion. They adjust to the environment, they can develop in management positions as well as in subordinate ones. They analyze situations before they act.

What does very small handwriting indicate?

Small Handwriting: A Sign of Intelligence?

When the average body of writing is between 1.5 and 2.5 millimeters, it is considered small writing. This kind of writing reveals introverted individuals, withdrawn, not spontaneous, routine-like, who enjoy home life and withdraw themselves towards their interior.

They are observant, with a great capacity for concentration, synthesis and critic. They are quiet and wish to be unnoticed, detailed, meticulous, simple and docile. At work, they allow to be conducted and have a tendency for specialization. Individuals who may not be very selfless, saving, lacking generosity, with a sense for economy and practical utility.

On the negative side, they may manifest shyness, doubts, fears, pessimism, discouragement, lack of trust that translates into difficulty to understand and assimilate greater purposes. People who are so into details and meticulous are impressed by meaningless things that do not matter. We need to rule out that the diminishing of writing is not due to accidents like fatigue, cold, short-sightedness and lack of paper.

Micrographic Writing

When the writing is smaller than 1.5 – 1 millimeters, it is called micrographic writing. So what does a small handwriting mean?

Micrographia is a very small handwriting, which is reflecting great predisposition for observation and attention to details. They are very meticulous individuals who act according to their perception of the environment from the rational and reflection. They think so much that they do little or what they do is done very slowly. They stand out due to their excessive ability for analysis of situations, what makes decision-making and problem-resolution late. (Exception in presence and shape of dynamic letters and not monotonous).

They are self-demanding and they fear failure. They are conservative and they have a hard time trying to innovate. They are not very tolerant before frustration, since they revise situations exhaustively in order to feel peace of mind and satisfied with the task. They have good memory and capacity for attention.

They have a hard time trying to perform several tasks at the same time. They need to finish a topic in order to start another one. They seek precision, perfection without leaving any detail to luck or leaving loose ends. Micrographia is seen in Parkinson’s disease patients and often appears alongside other cognitive symptoms.

What does writing taller than wider mean?

Over-elevated writing

When disproportioned elevations are observed in some letters or in parts of them, the writing is called overelevated. It is only seen in capital letters and in some parts of letters or dots, in “t” bars, upper and lower extensions (tall and long with an accented vertical sense).

This is typical in people that value themselves so much that feel superior to others, proud and conceited. They have fantasies of greatness and superiority.

This is a movement towards the superior area, that is why it is interpreted as idealism and creativity, as long as it is verified with the graphical context. It also indicates sense of honor and spiritual ambition. Depending on how overelevated the writing is, we shall interpret the degree of self-esteem and pride in that person.

What does writing taller than wider mean?

This is the opposite case to overelevated writing. The writing is wider than taller, prevailing the middle area of each letter. It is also seen in lowercase letters.

It expresses a feeling of oppression before adversities. Those who write in lowered writing are individuals with a criteria for reality, practical, simple, submissive and shy. They have little initiative and are hard to motivate.

The lower extensions are tall if they are over three times the size of the oval in the middle area of the writing and symbolyze a high self-esteem, resistence and great creativity and imagination.
Upper extensions are short when they are smaller than twice the middle area and are long when they are over three times the size of the oval. The dimension of the lower extensions are related to the instinctive world. Within the world of instincts sensuality, economy, material and practical matters of life are included.

Measuring handwriting: Height & Width

Tall writing

It is called tall writing when the letters of a writing are taller than they are wide. Ovals are measured objectively: the height and the width. We must not mistake this with overelevated writing, in which disproportions appear only in some parts of letters (like in capital letters, dots and “t” bars. Vanity, need for independence, aspirations to live in a more socially elevated world, pride.

Low writing

The letters in the middle area are wider than they are tall. Dots, bars, accents are low. Lower extensions are normal and excessive. They differ from lowered writing in the fact that the lower extensions and upper extensions are shortened. We must not mistake this with extensive writing. Poor aspirations, incapacity to stir up against others’ demands.

What does increasing and decreasing writing mean?

Decreasing writing: What is the meaning of the decreasing writing?

On the contrary, in this case letters diminish their size along words. Since writing goes from left to right (from me to you) and becomes smaller, it is symbolically introduced to the other. It is observed in prudent individuals, with a critical analysis of situations, ability for reflection and observation, distrust. They need to get to the bottom of situations. With empathy to convince and persuade.

Increasing writing

In this case, the size of letters is incremented along the text, the line, the paragraph or the word. They do not have the abilities of the prior case. Self-confident individuals, optimistic, spontaneous, with a certain tendency to ingenuity and a great ability for astonishment. It is hard for them to connect with others.

Regular and irregular writing

• Regular writing: Eveness is seen when we do not see great changes in the height of letters. Logics, equilibrium, order, reflection, perseverance and persistance prevail. Good adjustment to the environment, fidelity. Ability for concentration, self-control. The same psychological characteristic, if excessive, may reflect routine, monotony and the individual may consider dangerous everything that puts him “away” from his habits.
• Irregular writing: It presents great variations along the writing. It is typical of versatile individuals, who easily catch the environment that surrounds them, very emotional, receptive, intuitive, sensitive, with a clear insecurity and emotional instability. Predominance of feelings over reason, ability perform several tasks at the same time. Order and concentration are less important.
• Size increase writing: Along the text, we see some letter that draws our attention, without keeping rhythm at all. It symbolizes bad mood that may turn into violence. Irritability, temporary loss of control of situations.
• Extended writing: Letters are wider than tall, they stretch out horizontally, they may resemble to filiform writing, there is a great space between letters in one word. It is interpreted as expansion, (extroverted of Jung), need for contact with others, need for becoming the center of attention, spontaneity, self-confidence, imagination, memory, generosity, sociability. On the negative side: Related to waste of money and time, lack of modesty, exhibitionism.

What does tight writing mean?

• Tight writing: In this case there is little space between letters in the same word. On the contrary , this type of writing is related to reflexive people with an ability for concentration. Insecure, shy, prudent. Like in all cases, if the same quality is excessive, may cause regression, austerity, loneliness and pessimism.
• Restrained writing: This type of writing draws back the movement towards the right. It means reflection, fear, need for saving, introversion, difficulty to establish relationships or friendship. Abstract thoughts prevail.
• Rushed writing: It becomes foggy at the end of letters, “t” bars, towards the right and the upwards. Instincts prevail over reason. Tendency to impatience and irritability. Extraversion. Changing and instable relationships.
• Shifted writing: Altered graphism due to unnecessary moves. Associated to quickness or speed of strokes. Thoughts are influenced by imagination. Activity, dynamism, impulsiveness. Sociability, instable bonds.
• Sober writing: Simple, proportioned strokes, without unnecessary decorations. Thoughts are influenced by reason. Associated to writing: clear, contained, simplified and proportioned. (opposed to: rushed, shifted, increasing, disproportioned writing). Objectivity and mental clarity. Shyness, austerity. Affective maturity and stable bonds.

This concludes the article about Study of Handwriting. Feel free to share it with your contacts if you found it useful.

Read also: What does your handwriting say about you? and Letter “t” in Handwriting Analysis.

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Read also: Handwriting Analysis: Letter “a”

Read also: Handwriting Analysis Letter “d”

Read also: Graphology Basics

What do the i-dots reveal about your personality

Focusing on interpretations of isolated symbols is not recommended. We must consider the graphism as a whole. Reflex letters are the ones that, due to their structure and location in the graphical space, evoke psychological signs and symbols that indicate physical states or certain behaviors.

The descriptive study of each reflex letter contributes as a complementary analysis to the main analysis of the represented graphism through the interpretation of the eight graphical aspects and the analysis of the signature.

The letter i is a vowel of the middle zone of writing composed by an edge or downstroke and a dot. Specifically, the dot of the letter “i” (like the dot in letter “j”), presents a diversity of varieties and meanings. In these, we mainly study the shape, the pressure used on the pencil when drawing the dot, the location of the dot (if it is high, forward or backwards according to the downstroke) and the regularity presented along the text.

Handwriting Analysis of Letter i: Dots and Accents

In general, the fact of placing the dot in the right spot indicates that the individual is concrete and exact at the moment of issuing opinions or observations.

An “i” without a dot or a dot incorrectly drawn denotes errors or confusion, providing an idea that the task is being executed incorrectly or disorderly. It denotes lack of attention and negligence.

On the contrary, the act of drawing the dot precisely is positive and denotes order, attention and concentration on the executed activity.

The Origin of the expression “Dotting the i’s”

The expression “dotting your i’s”, means making things clear or expressing something without leaving room for doubt or misinterpretation. To dot the i’s and cross the t’s means to complete the task fully.

This situation comes from times in which gothic characters were user for writing. At that time, it was common to find two i’s together, one following the other in the same word.

In the past, the letter “i” did not carry a dot. This generated great confusion, since these two i’s looked like a “u”. In order to differentiate them and avoid confusion, a line or accent was introduced on top of the “i” and with time and the speed of writing it became a dot.

This custom of some copyists resulted excessively meticulous for others. That is why the expression of placing the dots on the is is applied to indicate that the copyists and printers who used dots where meticulous and perfectionists.

What does Calligraphy “i” mean?

Calligraphic letter “i”: When the letter i is executed according to calligraphy learned in school, we interpret that we are before a person with a childish personality.

The dots and accents in the letters i and j are identified as symbols of attention. This is not exclusively about “paying attention” to real objects that surround us but also whatever comes from our imagination. Graphologists Trillat and Periot discovered equilibrium in thinking before obligations in the dots of “i” and compare the dot of “i” using the Barany test.

What is the Barany test?

Robert Bárány was a Nobel prize-winning doctor born in Vienna, 1876. Several tests that diagnose vertigo problems carry his name. These consist of extending the arms and fingers pointing forward in order to detect the presence of lateral deviations in the arms or body.

Downstroke of letter “i”: Shape

• No downstroke: It has been eliminated and replaced by a filiform stroke. Typical stroke of a nervous, unworried and hurried individual.
• Straight downstroke: Quickness for comprehension, isolation, independence, utopia, will, good memory. With an absence of the final stroke: it means there is a limitation for resources in order to achieve goals.
• Downstroke of wide base: Coarseness, vulgarity.

The precision and attention are manifested in the dot of the “i”. Where? In the regularity, shape, exactitude, as well as the diversity of shapes in which they are located. When the dot of the “i” is drawn immediately after drawing the downstroke (lifting the pencil) it is interpreted as perfect precision (very appreciated in career guidance).

When executed after writing several letters or finishing the words, the dot tends to be less exact. If it seems difficult to calculate the spot where it will be placed, it means a desire to protect oneself, distrust, fear.

If both cases are found in the same writing (dots are placed immediately and dots are drawn after finishing the word) it is considered a sign of mental agility.

When the dot of letter i is regularly located, it means we pay attention and precision in our tasks. Regularity and exactitude of dots (neither too high nor low) means mental order, self-control, maturity in criteria, ability for concentration, attention, precision, regularity in tasks, in obligations, routine, acquisition of habits.

Very strongly executed dots are interpreted as an exaggerated feeling for responsibility, thoroughness, excessive formality.

How do you dot your “i’s”? Regularity in writing

A writing is classified as regular when the amplitude of oscillations of its elements is small according to the module (module: average value).

If the dots are located in an irregular way, it is interpreted as a lack of precision and attention.

The irregularity in punctuation of the letter i means distraction, lack of precision, oversights, tendency to dispersion, lack of persistence, lack of organization in tasks.

With sharp dots: it means impulsiveness or that we are before a combative personality.

I don’t dot my i’s. What does not dotting your i’s mean?

• Absence of dot or omitted dot: It denotes distraction, oversight, lack of attention, tendency to get distracted or forget obligations, lack of critical sense, lack of interest, apathy, lack of order, precision and exactitude. Thinking is not based in objective conclusions, but it “wanders” and gives into receptiveness, indolence, negligence, laziness. When the structure is slow: it reflects lack of initiative. If accompanied by fast writing: it symbolizes a desire to simplify.

Graphology: i-dot pressure

• Normal pressure dot: Simplicity, rational thinking, little materialism.
• Light high dot: Mysticism, idealism, intuition, illusion, devotion.
• Light low dot: Fineness, elegance, subtleness, little vitality, low activity, insecurity, inhibition.
  • With a loose pressure: Depression, submission, shyness and humbleness.
  • With a firm pressure: Practical and realistic individual. With small writing, inhibited, bound, descending, loose: despondency, depression.
• Thick dot: Vital, materialistic, sensual individual.
• When very marked: Passion, energy and excessive strength.

Position and Shape of i-dots

Graphology: i-dots Altitude

The altitude at which the dot of letter i is located expresses the oscillation between materialism and spirituality (tendencies towards spirituality of predominance of instincts). This is an opportunity for personal growth. If you can identify any problem  area  then you stand a better chance of fixing it. 

• Very high dot: Little contact with reality, mysticism, avoids problems, does not get involved with whatever that requires effort.
  • If high and thin: lives in an unreal world, utopian, and might be influenced by mystical and religious ideas. Dreams awake, escaping reality towards a world of fantasies.
  • If also gets ahead of the letter: Persistence of an unreachable idea.
  • If behind the letter: nostalgia, longing, evokes childhood memories, weakness of will, laziness to fight for progress and improve the actual situation.
• High dot: Idealistic, lack of contact with reality, looks for the noble and worthy, spiritual. Predominance of the intellectual sphere. Magnitude in goals.
• Normal height dot: In harmony between the concrete and the ideal, equilibrium between spirit and matter.
• Low dot: If precise: Speaks of an individual with a practical sense, concrete, realistic. Common sense, humility, obedience. Materialism and sensuality. If heavy, loaded with ink and dirty, we need to confirm with other signs and may be interpreted as pessimism, discouragement, depression.
• Very low dot: Difficulty to face obstacles, sybaritism, greediness, weakness, depression, pronounced sense of materialism.
• Fallen dot: It means fatigue, physical weakness, exhaustion, tiredness, pessimism, depression that can be temporary according to how it is manifested. We must confirm if it is only one dot falling or if all the rest are fallen too. Tendency to neurosis.

Degree of Alignment

Evaluating if the dot of the letter i is placed on the right or the left of the downstroke shows if the personality is introverted or extroverted, the degree of decision and indecision and hesitation on carrying out projects.

• Dot on the left: Prudent individual, introverted, shy, indecisive, melancholic, pessimistic. It indicates fear, anguish, repression, lack of trust in himself, slowness in thinking, excessive reflection before concreting, inability for improvisation, fear to the unknown and risk, lymphatic temper.
• Late dot to the extreme left: Insecurity, vacillation, hesitation, introversion, attachment to the past.
• Right-on-the-center dot: Mental order, precise attention, punctuality, exactitude,. Equilibrium between extroversion and introversion, objectivity, self-control, reflection and reason. Detailed person, enthusiast but prudent. Practical sense, calm and clear vision of situations and of the own duties and responsibilities. Acquired habits, routine, coldness in feelings.
• Dot on the right (does not overtake the next letter): Activity, initiative, passion, decision, curiosity, ambition for progress and reaching goals, will, impatience, mental quickness, intuitive thinking. Extraversion, affection, kindness. On the negative side: vivacity without reflection, rationalization or previous planning. With high dots: imagination.
• Dot on the extreme right that overtakes the next letter: Precipitation, impatience, passion, audacity, little reflection.

Circle over “i”? Dotting your i’s with circles

The variety of shapes of the dot of the letter i is very broad. These are the most relevant. In its shape we can appreciate the personal characteristics and the depth of the individual.

• Vertical-accent-shaped dot: Vivacity in reflexes, desire to affirm his own ideas, attachment to principles, excitement, nervousness, aggression, discontent, may get to lack of concentration and distraction.
• Horizontal-accent-shaped: Non-influenced personality, dynamism, impatience, aggression, precipitation, choleric.
• Convex or umbrella-shaped: Slyness, diplomacy, reserve, simulation. Depression for strokes that fall (confirm with others signs). Unstoppable imagination.
• Concave shape: Imagination overflow, expansion, credulity.
• Open-angle-shaped- dot (flying bird): Extroversion, expansion, fantasy overflow, intransigence due to the angle.

What does it mean if I dot letter i with an accent or circle

• Circle-shaped dot: The circle stops the rhythm of writing. It does not allow it to flow, expressing difficulty in adaptation. Depending on the graphical context, it can have different interpretations. With rigid writing, it can point out obsessive tendencies that turn around an idea o concerns. Desire to provoke a sensation of extravagance, egocentrism, snobbism, pedantry.
  According to Roseline Crepy, with a disordered, spaced and varied in slant writing, denotes an individual that seeks to free himself from inner conflicts. In graphisms of young people: Narcissism, vital anguish, oppression, oppositionist tendencies. In other cases it may reflect fantasy, search for originality, in response to juvenile protest.
• Dot connected to the following letter: Deductive and analytical qualities, mental agility, alive imagination, creating resources, picks up concepts quickly, dynamism. When accompanied by curved, soft and loose writing: laziness, negligence.
• Connected dot that leaves a stroke: Negligence, indolence, hoarding. Protects himself. Conflict between desire of realization due to impediments.

Handwriting Analysis Letter j: Meaning of dotting your j’s

This letter contributes with a lot of information. Due to its location in the middle zone, it reflects the affective sphere of the individual, the lower extension refers to the instinctive sphere and the dot expresses precision, attention and memory.

• Calligraphic letter j: Childish behavior.
• No initial stroke: Simplification, objectivity. With a dot and inflated lower extension: expansion of affection.
• No initial stroke and connected to the following letter: Ability for social adaptation.
• No initial stroke and disconnected: Reserve, privation
• Initial stroke in angle: Fighting spirit, obstinacy, vanity.
• Curved initial stroke: Tendency to extroversion, expansive, happy character.
• Arched initial stroke: Vanity.

This concludes the article about of the Letter i in handwriting Analysis. Feel free to share it with your contacts if you found it useful. Follow us on Facebook! 

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Handwriting Interpretation

Amplitude of Consciousness in Handwriting Analysis

In the Graphology category, it is letter by letter, although the letters are studied separately and individually, we must convey that each letter, isolated, does not represent the personality of the writer.

The form and the connections between the letters reveal the personality, confirming what has been analyzed as a whole throughout the text.

This is remembered at all times, so as not to reach the wrong conclusions. Everything must be interpreted according to the graphic environment that is presented. To understand what the chart environment is and when it is considered positive or negative.

If we look in particular at the strokes of the lowercase letter S we will see that, depending on the orientation in space and the graphic vectors, this will speak of the writer in many ways.

Letter “s” ascends moving forward, descends and moves backwards

Classical and traditional graphology associates the letter s with “moral conscience”. It confirms the degree of “open or closed mind” of a person. Also, the relationship with money, honesty, generosity and selfishness. It reflects saving capacity, laziness, the lack of will or tenacity to close an issue.

Are you “open or closed minded”?

Closed-mindedness or lack of ideas reduces the chances of accepting different points of view. Can you put yourself in the place of the other person? The other hand, the amplitude of consciousness allows the subject to accept new paradigms and opportunities to consider life from another point of view. This produces the consequent enrichment through personal experiences or those of others, allowing the development of internal values.

Also read: Graphology Basics

Different versiones of Letter “s” in Graphology

• 1. Calligraphic letter s: Personality with a sense of economy. Practical sense, serious, realistic, cautious and meticulous. “Conscious” person.
• 2. Letter s starting in curves and a big loop: Generosity, sympathy and giving.
• 3. Handwriting Analysis Letter s with a small loop: Honesty, familiarity, sensitive to ethical principles. If ending in a curve, it means the individual has capacity for adjustment to reality.

• 4. Closed with a loop: In this case, generosity is limited. Need to control expenses. Adjusts to reality through practical sense.
• 5. Letter “s” with straight initial stroke: Combative person, little social adjustment. Inopportune.
• 6. Handwriting Analysis Letter “s” arched: Similar to number 2. Cunning, agile, haughtiness and pride covered behind an innocent attitude. If the letter starts in a lower zone, we add theatrical skills and an attitude of a fake actor to our interpretation.

• 7. Letter “s” without final stroke: This means an open letter S. An individual that spends without worrying. Bold and resolved, great generosity, amplitude from points of view. If the graphical environment is negative: rushed person. Might not be self-worthy or might not grant self-importance. Unable to collect the fees that correspond.
• 8. Letter “s” final stroke with leftward connection: Ability to “use” others. Few scruples. Gets what he wants without consideration.

• 9. Final stroke is a spiral: Selfishness, greed, cleverness, unproportioned ambition. If writing is accelerated, shows aggressive character. Belligerent. Rebel if it is the final stroke with a small loop: Selfish consciousness that hides intentions. This interpretation is emphasized when writing is angled. When the final stroke invades the inferior zone, we are before a very materialistic personality.
• 10. Letter “s” with regressive final stroke: Individual who suffers unpredictable fits of rage, contradictory. Gets angry.
• 11. Progressive final stroke: Fighting spirit, combative consciousness, generous. Amplitude for criteria.

Graphology: Letter “s” Shape

How to interpret the shape of the letter “s” in graphology. According to its sahape the letter “s” can be: Open, closed, curved or angular.

Handwriting Analysis: Letter s

• Open: When the open s is accompanied by a simple way of writing, without unnecessary embellishments, it is interpreted that the individual has an open moral conscience. Sympathy, generosity. If it is excessively open, it can be excessively wasteful. (Figure 12).
• Closed: When the letter S is closed at the bottom, it indicates a cautious, reserved moral conscience. Lack of ideas, farsighted individual, withholds money. (Figure 13).

• Curved: Subject that manages to adapt to the environment with sympathy, generosity. We must always take into account the graphic environment. If it is negative, it may indicate symptoms of fatigue (Figure 14)
• Angled: Self-love, narrow conscience, possessive tendencies, hoards money, saves for self, greedy. If the graphic environment is negative, it indicates uncertain honesty. (Figure 15).
• Triangle-shaped: When the angles form a triangle, we are facing a rigid and uncompromising conscience. If in addition the angles are narrow, it reflects selfishness, narrow-mindedness, inability to sacrifice for others. Rigorous when judging others and himself. The need for money becomes excessive honesty. (Figure 16).
• Arched: Tiredness that can range from low vital energy to symptoms of stress. This type of s can be found among intellectual or dishonest individuals when within a negative graphic environment. (Figure 17).
• Letter S printed: Good intellectual level, intelligence, aesthetic sense, originality, culture and independence (Figure 18).
• Letter S malformed: Indifference and laziness.

Read also: Handwriting Analysis Signature.

The basic rule indicates that the correct way of writing is in lowercase. The goal of capital letters is granting value to a proper name, highlighting a word or phrase to catch the reader´s attention.

Capital Letters in Graphology

Capitals letters are used at the beginning of a line or paragraph, followed by a punctuation mark in the case of proper names. Capital letters are bigger and they generally have a different shape than lowercase letters.

In the language of the IT field, writing in UPPERCASE letters is interpreted as a virtual shout or call to attention. Although this has not been established as a norm or grammar rule, it is adopted by the common sense of users.

Writing in sustained capital letters is considered a sign of discourtesy and to many it is hard to read, since we are used to reading texts in lowercase. To those who suffer visual problems, at present, any internet browser has the basic tools to increase font size.

Psychological Meaning of Capital Letters

From the psychological point of view, capital letters symbolize the ego of the individual. The ego represents the perception of oneself, the level of aspirations, and of self-esteem that, in consequence, will affect the relationship with the environment and what is expected from others. The lowercase letters that are around symbolize the “others”.

Capital letters may be varied. Some are simple, others complicated or elaborated, even resulting strange or hard to understand. Just like the rest of the letters, the shape of capital letters is originated in the calligraphic model learned during childhood, which will be gradually lost (or not) with time and according to the evolution of the writer.

Read also: Handwriting interpretation: Print and cursive

Relationship Between Capital and Lowercase Letters

The relationship between capital and lowercase reveals interesting information about the subconscious of the individual. Graphological analysis studies the relationship between capitals and the rest of the letters. When these are balanced, it represents harmony between what the person thinks of himself and the value granted to others.

When a piece of writing is analyzed in detail, we can detect the perception the individual self-perception and the environment´s, if there is objectivity and if he adjusts to reality, if his aspirations and perceptions are viable or are unmeasured.

The analysis of capital letters in the signature of the individual confirms the level of ambitions and the value the person grants to himself and the value he will grant to others.

The origin of capital and lowercase letters

During antiquity, capital letters were, for a long time, the only type of writing used for inscriptions, official documents and literary works. The invention of lowercase is much more recent. Monks were in charge of writing and copying books at the beginning of the Middle Age in monasteries, using capital letters, a custom inherited from the time when books were written in paper scrolls.

In times of Charlemagne, around the eight century CE, scriveners started using lowercase, cursive and writing their texts with a rounded font.

The invention of lowercase is given to Alcuin of York, teacher of Charlemagne, who in order to facilitate the learning of the Emperor used the Caroline minuscule writing, named after Charlemagne in his honor. Due to its clarity and simplicity, it became the normal writing type for books. The same evolved into gothic writing in Century XII, condensed and ornamental, a thicker type of writing, narrow and angled, that piled up in pages, forming dense bodies of text difficult to read and unpractical.

Can writings in Capital Letters be Analyzed?

Yes, it is possible. When lowercase and capital letters coexist together in a text, the cursive lowercase is analyzed. The use of capital letters (like the use of print) speaks about the writer. We shall analyze the following graphical aspects of capital letters.

What does writing in Capital Letters mean?

Dimension

Capital letters are usually three to four times bigger than lowercase.

• The width in capital letters (the edge of horizontal projection) expresses the spot the individual seeks to occupy in his environment. The social importance he wishes to have and the interests he seeks to wake in others. Vanity feelings.
• The height of capital letters indicates the level of aspirations, expectations, criteria of reality and objectivity with which the individual perceives and judges the reality that surrounds him, whether there is adaptation to that reality, and the feeling he has about himself and his pride. The higher the capital letters, the more self-esteem (dignity, pride and ambition) and what he aspires for himself and his loved ones (in the spiritual sphere, status, professional recognition and power). If the individual loses contact with his concrete reality, he might become a dissatisfied and frustrated person.

• Big capital letters compared to the rest of the words mean ambition.
• Wide, inflated capital letters mean an “inflated” Ego. It means the individual tends to grant more value to appearances and social status than to people. He feels the desire of being honored, of producing an effect, admiration, of shining. He is vain. He demands being recognized, whishes occupying a large space and standing out.
• Narrow capital letters: Reflexive and cautious attitude. Oppression of emotions and feelings. Lack of freedom to express his thinking or feelings.
• Tall, over-elevated capital letters: Height prevails over the width of letters. They denote conceit, desire of independence, exaltation of the feeling of himself and personal value, pride vanity, superiority feelings, ambition of authority and power, delirium of greatness.
• Short capital letters: In this case the height does not reach the proportion of 3 to 4 times more than the height of the average zone of the writing.

If the graphical environment is positive, with a normal width and harmonic writing, it represents a simple attitude, modest, complacent. The individual does not wish to rule other´s lives. On the other hand, if the letters are narrow and compressed, it reflects shyness, inferiority complex, need for approval and support, lack of self-confidence.

• Unequal capital letters, alternatively tall and short, wide and narrow denote poor self-esteem, insecurity. They indicate the changes the writer suffers and unbalance before outer events.

Shape

The shape may be calligraphic, simplified, simple, complicated, decorated, bizarre or strange. It reflects objectivity and subjectivity in the perceptive point of view of himself and others, honesty or simulation of his intentions, the clarity with which he evaluates and judges.

• Calligraphic capital letters: When capital letters are calligraphic, that is to say they are executed the way we are taught during childhood, we infer that the writer grants more importance to his superego than to his personal needs. This person will act according to the norms, customs and incorporated principles from an early age. He is characterized by a conservative way of perceiving and dislikes changes. It denotes a routine person, lacking spontaneity. If accompanied by slow, monotonous and lifeless or automatic writing it is interpreted as lack of imagination and creativity and low intelligence. If it is “short” calligraphic capital writing it means the individual will need the recognition of others, contrary to the case if it is “tall”, where increasing narcissism will be noticed. This person will feel important.

• Typographic capital letters: In this case the capital letters are simplified, like a print letter and the rest of the word in cursive. This reflects taste for esthetics and predominance of intuition. Ability to get to the essence of things. Ability for synthesis. Able to get the essence of things, leaving the secondary aside. If typographic and wide, this acuteness and simplicity will reflect in his relationships, where the individual will have to occupy a fundamental place in the life of those who surround him with balance, harmony and empathy.
• Complicated capital letters: They are overloaded of accessory parts. It signifies exuberance of the ego in search of the outer effect, of feigning, of calling attention, narcissist vanity, snobbism and falseness.

Cohesion

Cohesion is the continuity given to a stroke, if it is interrupted or connected to the following letter. It is analyzed according to the number of existing bonds between letters of a piece of writing. The continuity or connectivity with the rest of the words or their separation denotes the degree of integration, control or spontaneity with which feelings are and aspects of personality are expressed to others.

• If capital letters are connected to the following letter, it represents spontaneity to relate to others, impulsiveness, lack of reflection, fraternity.
• If capital letters are connected to lowercase letters after a bond or centripetal movement, it means that the individual delivers his feelings in a calculating way. There are possessive tendencies, hoarder, jealousy, selfishness, opportunistic individual.
• Disconnected capital letters: In this case they do not connect to the lowercase letters that go together. It symbolizes the need for reflection before acting or surrendering. The individual takes distance.

Handwriting Analysis: Capital letters Slant

• Inclined on words capital letters: They reflect a protective spirit of the writer towards others.

Those who write in print capital letters are people that need to filter their emotions through reason. They do not allow their feelings to come out spontaneously, but they repress them due to distrust, protection or defense. They find it very hard to let their feelings out. They are structured individuals who need to have situations under control, avoiding unforeseen events.

This concludes the article about the Handwriting Analysis of Capital Letters. Feel free to share it with your contacts if you found it useful.

Also Read: Graphology Letter “t”.

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